Precision forging forming technology refers to a part forming technology that can be used with little or no processing after the part is basically formed, also known as near net forming technology.
This technology is developed on the basis of conventional forging forming technology, and is an application technology that integrates computer information technology, new energy, and new materials. At this stage, precision forging forming technology is mainly used in precision forging parts and refined blanks.Precision forging forming technology has obvious advantages, such as low cost, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection, and high precision.
There are many types of this forming process, which are divided by forming speed: high-speed precision forging, general precision forging, slow-speed precision forging forming, etc.; according to the metal flow conditions in the forging process as the standard: semi-closed, closed, and open precision forging forming processes ; Divided by forming temperature: superplastic, room temperature, medium temperature, high temperature precision forging forming, etc.; According to forming technology, divided into: split forging, isothermal forging, double dynamic forging, compound forming, warm precision forging, hot precision forging and cold precision Forging, etc. The division of precision forging technology according to forming technology has become a customary classification method in production.
- 1. Double-action forging:Compound forging is also called occluded forging, which is one of the more advanced precision forging techniques. This technology uses one punch to squeeze the inside of the closed groove one-way or two-way double-action squeeze to make the metal one-time forming. The formed parts are near-net precision forgings without flash. The reason why occluded forging is used is to increase the material usage rate and reduce the complexity of the processing process. The occlusive forging can form a complex profile and obtain a large amount of deformation in a single operation. It can save most of the cutting when producing complex parts and effectively reduce the cost.
- 2. Isothermal forging:Isothermal forging refers to the process of forging the blank in a mold into a precision forging part at a constant temperature. Compared with conventional forging, isothermal forging can control the heating temperature of the blank within a certain range, so that the temperature during the forging process is approximately equal, and greatly improves the plastic change of the die due to the sudden temperature change during the processing. Due to the technological characteristics of isothermal forging, it is particularly suitable for precision forging of materials that are sensitive to deformation temperature or difficult to form, such as magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys.
- 3. Shunt forging:An important part of the split forging technology is to establish a material splitting channel in the forming part of the die or blank to ensure a good filling effect. When using this technology, in the process of filling the cavity with material, a part of the material is left in the shunt channel to form a shunt, which helps to fill the part that is difficult to form. The advantage of split forging is that this technology can avoid the closing device, has a good forming effect when forming gear parts, can achieve the required accuracy, does not require reprocessing after forming, and has a long mold life.
- 4. Isothermal forging:Isothermal forging refers to the process of forging the blank in a mold into a precision forging part at a constant temperature. Compared with conventional forging, isothermal forging can control the heating temperature of the blank within a certain range, so that the temperature during the forging process is approximately equal, and greatly improves the plastic change of the die due to the sudden temperature change during the processing. Due to the technological characteristics of isothermal forging, it is particularly suitable for precision forging of materials that are sensitive to deformation temperature or difficult to form, such as magnesium alloys and aluminum alloys.
- 5. Cold precision forging forming:Forging metal materials without heating is called cold forging, and there are mainly two technologies: cold heading and cold extrusion. Compared with other processes, its advantage is that the shape of the workpiece is easy to grasp, and there will be no deformation due to high temperature. The disadvantage is that the resistance during the deformation process is large and the plasticity of the workpiece is poor.
- 6. Compound precision forging forming:The composite precision forging forming process refers to the integration of technologies using multiple forging methods, or the combined use of other material forming technologies and forging processes. The processing materials and parts of the traditional technology have great limitations. The composite technology developed on the basis of the traditional technology can not only maximize the strengths and avoid the weaknesses, combine the strengths of each family, but also expand the scope of processing objects.
- 7. Hot precision forging forming:Hot precision forging forming technology is a precision forging technology that seeks a suitable temperature as the processing temperature above the recrystallization temperature. However, compared with warm precision forging technology, due to the higher temperature selected, severe oxidation will occur, resulting in poor forging surface quality and insufficient forging accuracy.
- 8. Warm precision forging forming:Warm precision forging technology is a precision forging technology that finds a suitable temperature as the processing temperature below the recrystallization temperature. When selecting the temperature, it is better to choose the time when the plastic deformation of the metal is better, and before strong oxidation occurs.
